Tuesday, July 20, 2010

being virtuous

In my last post, I talked about "a virtuous education" and forgetting to explain one of the most important point which is what is this "virtue." I had been thinking about this one big question between the relation of virtue and faith, and had it discussed with some friends as well. I prefer to use the word "faith" here rather than just simply "religion" because people could have a religion without really having a faith in God. Religion is just the identity and faith is the essence. Well if one ask what faith is, I just take this description written in Hebrew 11:

"Now faith is being sure of what we hope for and certain of what we do not see. This is what the ancients were commended for. By faith we understand that the universe was formed at God's command, so that what is seen was not made out of what was visible." -- Hebrew 11: 1-3

It is certain that a real faith will produce virtue. However does that mean no faith will produce no virtue as well? It depends on how do we see this "virtue." People such as Confucius has been frequently called one of the virtuous man ever alive on earth. Indeed his teaching is really wonderful and many of them is parallel with what the Bible teaches us. There are virtues in which individual could attain without any need in having a faith in God, however there are also virtues which God bestowed on those who believe in Him.

Many of us may have heard about what is called the four cardinal virtues: prudence, temperance, justice, and fortitude. By being prudent, one is able to take a proper decision and to think out what one's is doing and what is likely to come of that action. By being temperate, one is able to control himself, going the right length and no further, in drinking and in all other pleasures. By being just, one is able to take a proper moderation between self-interest and the rights and needs of others, it includes honesty, give and take, truthfulness, and so on. By being fortitudinous, one is able to confront fears and face dangers. 

Beyond these four cardinal virtues, there are yet other virtues which are argued to be attainable through faith. The first is "charity," in which the current word has already lost its original meaning. "Charity" in this sense is love, it's not just the emotion, it's also not the feeling, but "that state of the will which we have naturally about ourselves and must learn to have about other people" as CS Lewis put it. Loving ourself is easy, of course everyone by their nature or "instinct" will love themselves. Loving others as we are, and even loving our enemies, are we able to do that without God who enables us? Confucius said, "what you do not want others to do to you, do not do to others," but Jesus said do to others as what you want others do in you.

The second is "hope". The view of the eternal soul brings hope for our current short life here in earth. Our faith on Jesus and His promise give us an assurance of the eternal world to come and everything that we are doing here on earth is not in vain. We do not live merely just for instant pleasures, hedonism, or materialism; we do not live as in everything will end when our life here on earth ends! We know what we are here for, we know what we are called for, and we have hope to return back to our Father in Heaven.

The third is "faith," yes faith in itself is a virtue. In his work titled "Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments," Søren Kierkegaard wrote this beautiful remark about his faith:

"If I am capable of grasping God objectively, I do not believe, but precisely because I cannot do this I must believe. If I wish to preserve myself in faith I must constantly be intent upon holding fast the objective uncertainty, so as to remain out upon the deep, over seventy fathoms of water still preserving my faith."

CS Lewis in his book, "Mere Christianity," also wrote several interesting points of faith as a virtue. The summary of which you can find it here, and scroll to the last point.

Thursday, July 15, 2010

on a virtuous education

I would like to share my personal view towards education, which has over time becoming a personal vision as well. I strongly believe in the importance of education, not only to shape the intelligence of the pupil, furthermore education has the role of shaping one's moral virtue and world view, which make it very important in one's character formation.

The current trend which is emerging is the idea of secular education which put away all kind of faith or believes in any religion from the education system. As opposed to this idea, there is religious education in which faith becomes the center that shape the moral and intellectual of the pupil.

In the United States, education is moving towards the direction of secularism. Some surveys on several US Supreme Court cases which is related with this trend and with regards to the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment of the US Constitution ("Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances"):
  • Limitation on government-directed prayer and / or bible reading in public school: Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962) which deemed unconstitutional the New York Board of Regents nondenominational school prayer; Abington Township School District v. Schempp, 374 U.S. 203 (1963) which ruled as unconstitutional the practice of reading ten verses from the Bible and reciting in unison the Lord's prayer at the beginning of each day; Stone v. Graham, 449 U.S. 39 (1980) which ruled unconstitutional the Kentucky statute requiring the posting of a copy of the Ten Commandments, purchased with private contributions, on the wall of each public classroom in the State; Wallace v. Jaffree, 472 U.S. 38 (1985) which deemed unconstitutional the Alabama statute which authorizing a 1-minute period of silence in all public schools "for meditation or voluntary prayer;" Lee v. Weisman, 505 U.S. 577 (1992); Santa Fe Independent School Dist. v. Doe, 530 U.S. 290 (2000) which ruled unconstitutional the policy permitting student-led, student-initiated prayer at football games; Newdow v. United States Congress, Elk Grove Unified School District, et al., 542 U.S. 1 (2004) ruled  that the words "under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance of the United States are an endorsement of religion, and therefore unconstitutional.
  • Limitation of the use of public funds for religious related educational activity: Zelman v. Simmons-Harris, 536 U.S. 639 (2002) which ruled constitutional the use of publicly funded vouchers by parents in Cleveland to send their children to private and religious schools. However, Justice Stevens in his dissent argued that this ruling "allowed public funds to pay for the indoctrination of thousands of grammar school children in particular religious faiths;" Locke v. Davey, 540 U.S. 712 (2004) which ruled the constitutionality of Washington publicly funded scholarship program which excluded students pursuing a "degree in theology."

Justice Hugo Black in the proceeding of the ruling of Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 (1947) which resulted in the incorporation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment against the states stressed the importance of this clause to protect the separation between Church and State:

"The 'establishment of religion' clause of the First Amendment means at least this: Neither a state nor the Federal Government can set up a church. Neither can pass laws which aid one religion, aid all religions or prefer one religion over another. Neither can force nor influence a person to go to or to remain away from church against his will or force him to profess a belief or disbelief in any religion. No person can be punished for entertaining or professing religious beliefs or disbeliefs, for church attendance or non-attendance. No tax in any amount, large or small, can be levied to support any religious activities or institutions, whatever they may be called, or whatever form they may adopt to teach or practice religion. Neither a state nor the Federal Government can, openly or secretly, participate in the affairs of any religious organizations or groups and vice versa. In the words of Jefferson, the clause against establishment of religion by law was intended to erect 'a wall of separation between Church and State.'" -- 330 U.S. 1, 15-16.

Well, that's a brief overview about recent trend in the United States. In Indonesia, the condition perhaps is a bit different. The Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (Undang-Undang Dasar 1945) defends that education shall develop one's potential to gain spiritual maturity and develop one's faith (below, emphasize added):

Chapter XIII - Article 31
  1. Every citizen has the right to receive education.
  2. Every citizen has the obligation to undertake basic education, and the government has the obligation to fund this.
  3. The government shall manage and organize one system of national education, which shall increase the level of spiritual belief, devoutness and moral character in the context of developing the life of the nation and shall be regulated by law.
  4. The state shall prioritize the budget for education to a minimum of 20% of the State Budget and of the Regional Budgets to fulfill the needs of implementation of national education.
  5. The government shall advance science and technology with the highest respect for religious values and national unity for the advancement of civilization and prosperity of humankind.

With regards to this, I have a strong believe that faith in God and education is inseparable. When society cannot draw moral meaning and direction from religious belief, it draws it from other sources, and what are the other sources? Secularism, which provides new sources of meaning including self-esteem, consumerism, materialism, feminism, and relativism.

Benjamin Rush, one of the founding father of the United States, in his letter argued that "the only foundation for useful education in a republic is to be laid in religion," and he further added that, "without this there can be no virtue, and without virtue there can be no liberty, and liberty is the object and life of all republican governments."

Northwest Ordinance 1787 which in effect create the Northwest Territory as the first organized territory of the United States ordered that "religion, morality, and knowledge, being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the mean of education shall forever be encouraged."

It is thus the purpose of education, to make children faithful and virtuous, and this will form them into a good and responsible citizen, able to use their intelligence responsibly upon the right moral foundation. The true virtue is thus the fruits of one's faith on God, and a virtue without faith is as meaningless as a guitar without its strings. The idea of truly non-religious education, for me, is simply unimaginable.

    Wednesday, July 14, 2010

    on knowing and understanding

    Well, I don't really believe in absolute objectivity, perhaps we are still "objective" when we are babies. The entire world was still new to us, thus we could take everything at their respective "face values."

    However, as we grow up, the way we see the world will be heavily influenced by our own perception and ideas which we have gathered about the world. Everything is subjective to one's own mind, one's own value, and one's personal world view. Judgments that a rationalist make will be different from what a post-modernist will make.

    In knowing another person, our "subjectivity" will play the role as well. What we had experienced in knowing other person before, our first impression, and things can't go rational anymore. Oh now I'm talking like an empiricist. Although there's no absolute objectivity in the way we perceived our environment, there's still a certain degree of it. Through the process of knowing another person, we could into a certain degree of "objectivity" perceive whether any further relation is possible. However in this process knowing each other, mutual openness is necessary.

    The door was open but now it seems to be closing.. or I don't know, it's just too hard to comprehend one's mind, or perhaps it's just now my cup of tea? If the human brain were simple enough for us to understand, we would still be so stupid that we couldn't understand it.

    agora, on freedom of faith and on women

    Rachel Weisz who came into fame after "The Mummy" and "The Mummy Returns" played the role of Hypatia of Alexandria (ca. 360 AD - 415 AD) in this movie. Hypatia is a philosopher, astronomer and mathematician living in Alexandria at the time of the rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire. She might have been the last pagan philosopher in the west.

    I was a bit disturbed after watching this movie, perhaps due to several facts which was depicted there. I came to know that the idea of heliocentrism has long existed before Copernicus. At that time, Ptolemaic model has widely been accepted as the universal model of the universe. However Hypatia found several difficulties reconciling the motion of the planet with the geocentric model of the universe. Hypatia then investigated the heliocentric model which was first proposed by Aristarchus of Samos in the 3rd century BC and found herself to be in opinion with him.

    I'm interested in discussing two aspects which was shown in this movie, the first is on freedom of faith, and the second is on the role of women in the church. I shall start with the historical background of events happening around that time.


    Historical Background


    Alexandria, the city where Hypatia lived, was the capital of the Diocese of Egypt (
    Dioecesis Aegypti) and ruled by a praefectus augustalis ("Augustal Prefect"). The Church of Alexandria was traditionally believed to have been established by Mark the Apostle in the year 42 AD. The Septuagint translation of the Old Testament was started in Alexandria. The Church of Alexandria was led by the Patriarch of Alexandria, at the time of Hypatia the Patriarch was Theophilus which was later succeeded by his nephew Cyril.

    Christianity has become so widely spread within the Roman Empire. The last great prosecution against Christians happened at the time of Emperor Diocletian
    which lasted from 303 AD to 311 AD. In 311 AD, Emperor Galerius who succeeded Diocletian as the Roman Emperor in 305 AD, issued an Edict of Toleration in 311 AD, ending the persecution. Two years later, Emperor Constantine I issued Edict of Milan (Edictum Mediolanense) which again asserted the religious toleration and the return of all confiscated church's property. Constantine was baptised before his death in 337 AD and Christianity became the Empire's preferred religion.


    On Freedom of Faith

    Hypatia lived at the time of the Emperor Theodosius I
    . The Emperor was facing several conflicts with the pagans throughout the empire: Syria, Egypt, Greece, and even in Rome. Theodosius I asserted the ban on other religion other than Christianity:

    "It is our desire that all the various nation which are subject to our clemency and moderation, should continue to the profession of that religion which was delivered to the Romans by the divine Apostle Peter, as it has been preserved by faithful tradition and which is now professed by the Pontiff Damasus and by Peter, Bishop of Alexandria, a man of apostolic holiness. According to the apostolic teaching and the doctrine of the Gospel, let us believe in the one diety of the father, Son and Holy Spirit, in equal majesty and in a holy Trinity. We authorize the followers of this law to assume the title Catholic Christians; but as for the others, since in out judgment they are foolish madmen, we decree that the shall be branded with the ignominious name of heretics, and shall not presume to give their conventicles the name of churches. They will suffer in the first place the chastisement of divine condemnation an the second the punishment of out authority, in accordance with the will of heaven shall decide to inflict." (27 Feb 380 AD) -- Codex Theodosianus Liber XVI.1.2.

    Theodosius I also banned the practice of blood sacrifice, visits to pagan temples and the worship of pagan images:
    "No person shall pollute himself with sacrificial animals; no person shall slaughter an innocent victim; no person shall approach the shrines, shall wander through the temples, or revere the images formed by mortal labor, lest he become guilty by divine and human laws." (24 Feb 391 AD) -- Codex Theodosianus Liber XVI.10.10.

    One disturbing scene in that movie is that when the Christians (Parabolani monks) started to attack the Jewish populace in a theater. The Jews didn't do anything to defend themselves because it was Sabbath. The Jews then took a revenge at the Christians by making a false rumor that the Church of St Alexander is on fire. The Christians came in and the Jews locked them inside the church and started to stone them. The crisis didn't end there as after this attack, Cyril set to take revenge against the Jewish populace. The movie depicted the Christians went into rampage in the city streets and slew all the Jews that they found. The rest of the Jewish populace who survived the massacre were ordered to leave Alexandria at once.

    A historical account from Socrates of Constantinople didn't mention about the first event of the stoning of the Jews inside the theater. He also didn't mention about the massacre of the Jewish populace by the Christians after the crisis at St Alexander church:
    "The Jewish populace on hearing these menaces, instead of suppressing their violence, only became more furious, and were led to form conspiracies for the destruction of the Christians; one of these was of so desperate a character as to cause their entire expulsion from Alexandria; this I shall now describe. Having agreed that each one of them should wear a ring on his finger made of the bark of a palm branch, for the sake of mutual recognition, they determined to make a nightly attack on the Christians. They therefore sent persons into the streets to raise an outcry that the church named after Alexander was on fire. Thus many Christians on hearing this ran out, some from one direction and some from another, in great anxiety to save their church. The Jews immediately fell upon and slew them; readily distinguishing each other by their rings. At daybreak the authors of this atrocity could not be concealed: and Cyril, accompanied by an immense crowd of people, going to their synagogues— for so they call their house of prayer— took them away from them, and drove the Jews out of the city, permitting the multitude to plunder their goods." -- Historia Ecclesiastica, Bk. VII Ch. 13.

    Oh well, this depiction pictures an image that the Christians at that time are no better than the pagan Romans who once did the same bloody persecution against the Christians from the first to the third century. At the time Christianity was venerated as the state religion in the Roman Empire, many men rushed to get themselves baptized, and one of the reason is to ease their path into public offices in the Empire. In the Bible itself, we see that the idea of religious freedom is already inherent because faith is a God's given grace on His chosen people on earth. We mus
    t go and spread the Good News to all the nations on earth, but it doesn't mean that the whole world will turn to Him after hearing the Good News. In the parable of weeds (Matthew 13:24-30), God allows weeds to grow in the field of wheat and let both of them grow together until the harvest (v. 29).

    Perhaps it's better for the Christians to stay as a minority or prosecuted rather than being venerated as the state religion and a majority because it promotes corruptions rather than real growth in faith. We have seen instances when the church grew so powerful and corrupted, the day which we now remember as the Dark Ages. Indeed, an absolute power corrupts absolutely.


    On Women

    Another disturbing scene is when Cyril confronted praefectus augustalis Orestes with a passage from the Bible. It was from 1 Timothy 2. Orestes was heavily influenced by Hypatia, and Cyril saw Hypatia as a dangerous force which create tension between him and Orestes and Cyril wanted to have this influence eliminated.

    "I also want women to dress modestly, with decency and propriety, not with braided hair or gold or pearls or expensive clothes, but with good deeds, appropriate for women who profess to worship God. A woman should learn in quietness and full submission. I do not permit a woman to teach or to have authority over a man; she must be silent. For Adam was formed first, then Eve. And Adam was not the one deceived; it was the woman who was deceived and became a sinner. But women will be saved through childbearing—if they continue in faith, love and holiness with propriety." -- 1 Timothy 2: 9-16.

    Specifically Cyril asserted that "women are not permitted to teach and to have authority over a man," which directly cornered Hypatia and Orestes. I was quiet surprised to find this (well, I haven't read the entire New Testament) and was looking for why did Paul write this way to Timothy. I found a similar words from Paul in the 1 Corinthians 14:
    "women should remain silent in the churches. They are not allowed to speak, but must be in submission, as the Law says. If they want to inquire about something, they should ask their own husbands at home; for it is disgraceful for a woman to speak in the church." -- 1 Corinthians 14: 34-35.

    Does it really mean literally that all women are prohibited from the office of teachings? If yes, how could we then explain that today many women became evangelists, give sermons and teachings? However in the earlier part of this epistle, which is in 1 Corinthians 11: 5, Paul stated that "every woman who prays and prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her head," which seems to be different from what is written in 1 Corinthians 14.

    αἱ γυναῖκες ἐν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις σιγάτωσαν, οὐ γὰρ ἐπιτρέπεται αὐταῖς λαλεῖν: ἀλλὰ ὑποτασσέσθωσαν, καθὼς καὶ ὁ νόμος λέγει. εἰ δέ τι μαθεῖν θέλουσιν, ἐν οἴκῳ τοὺς ἰδίους ἄνδρας ἐπερωτάτωσαν, αἰσχρὸν γάρ ἐστιν γυναικὶ λαλεῖν ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ -- 1 Corinthians 14: 34-35.
    γυνὴ ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ μανθανέτω ἐν πάσῃ ὑποταγῇ: διδάσκειν δὲ γυναικὶ οὐκ ἐπιτρέπω, οὐδὲ αὐθεντεῖν ἀνδρός, ἀλλ' εἶναι ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ. -- 1 Timothy 2: 9-16.

    Paul addressed not only the Corinthian church but the churches in the sense of the "assembly of believers" as he used "ekklesiais" a plural of "ekklesia." The word "silent" in 1 Cor 14 is "sigao" which mean "silence or no sound" as opposed to "lalein" which means "to utter a voice or emit a sound", and in 1 Tim 2, the word "silent" which Paul used is "esuchia" which better to be translated as "quiteness," or "a condition of one's life who stays at home doing his own work, and does not officiously meddle with the affairs of others." The word "teach" in 1 Tim 2 is "didaskein" which means "to give a didactic discourses or teaching."

    Perhaps Paul wanted to stress the role of man and woman, as in the relation of husband and wife, which is like the relationship between Jesus Christ and the Church as His bride. However the word "andros (plural) / aner (singular)" and "gunaikes (plural) / gune (singular)" may refer to husband and wife, but may also refer to the generic male and female. Well, anybody out there has any opinions?

    Friday, July 9, 2010

    knowing God

    "The proper study of God's elect is God; the proper study of a Christian is the Godhead... There's something exceedingly improving to the mind in the comtemplation of Divinity. It's subject so vast, that our thoughts are lost in its immensity; so deep, that our pride is drowned in its infinity... While the subject humbles the mind, it also expands it... Whilst humbling and expanding, this subject is also imminently consolatory." -- CH Spurgeon

    JI Packer starts his book by quoting from one of Spurgeon's sermon which he found to be a "fitting preface to a series of studies on the nature and character of God." Knowing God is at the very core of our Christian belief. It humbles ourselves, and provide the utmost consolation to us by knowing that our entire life is in the hand of God, a Spirit infinite and eternal, unchangeable in His being, wisdom, power, holiness, justice, goodness, and truth. However we need to be aware of the danger of falling into the pitfall of just "knowing about" God.


    Knowing God vs. Knowing about God

    A little knowledge of God is worth more than a great deal of knowledge about Him. Perhaps we already have a sound doctrine with us, but do we have the gaiety, goodness, and the unfetteredness of spirit which mark those who have known God? Do we have great energy for God? Do we have great thoughts of God? Do we show great boldness for God? Do we have great contentment in Him?

    We need to humble ourselves and measure ourselves not by our knowledge about God, not by our gifts and responsibilities in our churches, but by how we pray and what goes on in our hearts.


    By His grace, He has let Himself to be known


    In order to be known, God has given us His grace by revealing Himself, He comes to you and begin to talk to you, through the words and truths which are written in the Holy Scriptures.

    Knowing God is a matter of personal dealing with Him as He opens up to you, and being dealth by Him as He takes knowledge of you. Knowing God is a matter of personal involvement, in mind, will, and feeling, committing yourself to His interests and identifying yourself with His concerns. Knowing God is a matter of grace, the initative which is of God's.

    Packer went on to describe each attributes of God: God unchanging, majestic, wise above all, His word, His love, His grace, His goodness, and His justice. I would like to highlight the part about God's wisdom here.


    God's wisdom

    "His wisdom is profound, his power is vast." -- Job 9: 4

    "He has great power and mighty strength, ... His understanding no one can fathom" -- Isa 40: 26, 28

    "For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways. As the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways and my thoughts than your thoughts." -- Isa 55: 8-9

    His way is higher than my way,
    and through what had happened in my life I started to understand this great truth. I had experienced a time when I thought I have a "perfect plan" for myself but in the end God thwarted everything and denied all the seemingly "perfect plan," made me to wait and only after some time do I get to understand that indeed His way is far higher than my way.

    "We shall not grow weary of waiting upon God if we remember how long and how graciously he once waited for us!" -- CH Spurgeon

    Through this perhaps He would like to strengthen us: in patience, good, humour, compassion, humility, or meekness. Perhaps He has new lessons in self-denial and self-distrust to teach us. Perhaps He wishes to break us from complacency, unreality, or pride and conceit. Perhaps His purpose is just to draw us closer to Him.

    "Still He teaches believers to value His promised gifts by making them to wait for those gifts and compelling them to pray persistently for them before He bestows them." -- JI Packer


    Short summary of "Knowing God" by JI Packer

    to be loved and to love

    "The greatest thing you'll ever learn is just to love and be loved in return. " -- Moulin Rouge

    One of my friend's twit reminded me of this quote from Moulin Rouge. It took me some effort to visit the original Moulin Rouge cabaret in Paris two years ago. I still remember vividly how I alighted in Abesses Metro Station and climbed through its stairs, the station was real deep underground! The next stop was the famous Basilique du Sacré-Cœur at the summit of Montmartre. Satisfied with the fresh view of Paris from the top of the hill and a visit to the basilica, I took my breath and went through hilly roads and finally I sighted the Moulin Rouge. Well, enough about Moulin Rouge and a bit of reminiscence, I'd like to share something about love. Again, about love, a word which has gradually lost its deeper meaning..

    "As the Father has loved me, so have I loved you. Now remain in my love. If you obey my commands, you will remain in my love, just as I have obeyed my Father's commands and remain in his love. I have told you this so that my joy may be in you and that your joy may be complete. My command is this: Love each other as I have loved you. Greater love has no one than this, that he lay down his life for his friends." -- John 15: 9-13

    Why do we love others, how could we love others completely? It is because Jesus has first has loved us. Our love for others is built upon this solid rock! It is a blessed assurance, that the source of our love is the unceasing love of Jesus Christ Himself for us.

    I once shared this to a best-friend of mine who once faced a problem of love. As a man, we tend to be more ignorant or "phlegmatic" in some way. I mentioned that, we are like a vessel, and the love of Jesus for us fill up this vessel, it fills this vessel until it becomes full, and it doesn't stop there! It fills up this vessel until this vessel cannot store all of it. That love itself overflows from this vessel to other vessels. And that's exactly what happen for us who's already in Him, that His love should be overflowing from us to others as well!

    Well said, but it made me thinking, have I really been there?

    "Love is the greatest of all because it's the essence of God's character. Love cannot go against the holiness, goodness, and righteousness of God, and love must be accompanied by the fear of the Lord." -- June 2010

    Friday, July 2, 2010

    sepadan & seiman

    TUHAN Allah berfirman: "Tidak baik, kalau manusia itu seorang diri saja. Aku akan menjadikan penolong baginya, yang sepadan dengan dia." -- Kej. 2:18

    Janganlah kamu merupakan pasangan yang tidak seimbang dengan orang-orang yang tak percaya. Sebab persamaan apakah terdapat antara kebenaran dan kedurhakaan? Atau bagaimanakah terang dapat bersatu dengan gelap? -- 2Kor. 6:14

    Sepadan, dan seiman, dua hal yang menjadi standar yang Tuhan berikan di dalam Alkitab bagi kita memilih pasangan hidup. Melalui beberapa percakapan yang aku alami barusan, aku kembali memikirkan mengenai kata "sepadan" ini. Misalnya saja dalam hal "tingkat intelektual," karena kadang-kadang aku merasa agak "minder" bertemu dengan seseorang yang bisa dibilang lebih "pandai" walaupun bertemu dengan orang-orang seperti itu bisa memotivasi aku untuk belajar lebih banyak lagi. Seperti misalnya kalau bertemu dengan Pdt. Stephen Tong, well belum pernah sih bertemu dia secara langsung dan bertatap muka, pressure-nya mungkin berbeda, hahaha. Indah sekali ya kalau bisa menemukan seseorang yang sepadan dalam hal ini dan juga kedewasaannya, selain bisa saling melengkapi, bisa menjadi teman diskusi yang menyenangkan :)

    Well, jadi teringat akan sebuah artikel yang ditulis di dalam sebuah milis yang aku ikuti di tahun 2006 lalu, semoga menjadi berkat:


    Tentang Memilih Pasangan Hidup
    oleh Bernard Dima
    13 November 2006

    Setelah beberapa waktu merenungkan topik ini dan berbagi ide dengan beberapa teman tentang memilih pasangan hidup, aku mencoba untuk menulis tentang hal-hal yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam memilih pasangan hidup. Ide-ide ini mungkin tidak biasa atau terlalu ideal bagi sebagian orang. Namun, inilah yang perlu diperjuangkan sebagai orang Kristen yang mencari nilai yang lebih tinggi dari dunia ini.

    Dalam pembicaraan dengan beberapa teman, selalu muncul beberapa pertanyaan sama. Paling menonjol adalah mengenai kriteria orang yang diinginkan menjadi pasangan hidup. Kriteria-kriteria ini misalnya karakter seseorang, latar belakang keluarga, atau kedewasaan baik mental maupun spritual. Aku sendiri tidak suka membuat kriteria seperti ini walaupun tentu ada standar-standar tertentu di dalam memilih. Alasannya karena kriteria-kriteria ini ditentukan berdasarkan refleksi diri seseorang yang lebih dipengaruhi oleh keinginan menyenangkan egonya sendiri. Berapa panjang daftar kriteria yg harus kita buat agar kita menemukan orang yang tepat? Berapa banyak pernikahan yang tidak harmonis dan berakhir dengan perceraian hanya karena anggapan bahwa orang yang dinikahi ternyata tidak sesuai dengan kriteria? Atau mereka menemukan apa yang diidamkan dalam diri WIL atau PIL? Lebih lagi, bukankah tiap orang diciptakan sesuai dengan gambar Allah secara unik yang harus diterima secara utuh bukan parsial?

    Namun, di sisi lain tidak mungkin memilih pasangan hidup tidak menggunakan kriteria. Jadi, letak persoalannya pada dasar pertimbangan kita saat memilih pasangan hidup kita. Di sinilah kita harus mengaku bahwa bagaimanapun juga ini bukan cerita tentang kita. Bukan apa maunya kita atau siapa kita. Tetapi tentang Tuhan, apa yang menjadi kehendak dan rencana-Nya bagi hidup kita. It is not about us. It is all about God.

    Dalam Alkitab, Tuhan memberikan 2 standar penting dalam memilih pasangan hidup. Sebelum kejatuhan, Tuhan berkehendak agar pasangan itu sepadan. Setelah kejatuhan, Tuhan menambahkan satu lagi yaitu seiman. Standar kedua lebih mudah dicari walaupun kadang tidak semudah yang dikira. Seiman artinya mencari pasangan yang sama-sama sudah dilahirkan kembali, menerima Tuhan Yesus sebagai Juru Selamat pribadi dan berkomitmen menjadikan Dia sebagai Raja dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tidak mudah oleh karena ini adalah pengalaman pribadi seseorang bersama Tuhan di mana hanya Tuhan yang tahu kebenarannya. Tapi paling tidak kita bisa menanyakan: kapan momen ini terjadi? Bagaimana dengan pertumbuhan imannya? Apakah dia dekat dengan Tuhan dalam doa dan firman? Apakah dia suka melayani Tuhan? Bagaimana nilai hidup kristianinya? Namun perlu diingat bahwa belum tentu mereka yang suka melayani dan rajin berdoa adalah orang-orang yang telah mengalami kelahiran kembali dalam Tuhan. Di sisi lain pun harus disadari bahwa mereka yang di dalam Tuhan pun masih memiliki banyak kekurangan. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan pengamatan dan dialog yang mendalam untuk menemukan seseorang yang sungguh di dalam Tuhan.

    Kalau standar kedua adalah sesuatu yang mudah dipertimbangkan dan diputuskan karena hanya memerlukan jawaban ya atau tidak, maka standar pertama lebih sulit didefiniskan dalam realitas kehidupan. Sepadan sering ditinjau dari segi kedewasaan baik itu mental maupun spritual.Namun sampai sekarang belum ada alat yang pas untuk mengukur tingkat kedewasaan. Lagipula, pencapaian kedewasaan sangat bergantung situasi yang pernah dilalui dan kadang proses itu bisa terjadi dalam semalam.

    Sepadan juga ditinjau dari sisi karakter yang kemudian digabungkan dengan teori kepribadian. Lalu bermunculanlah pendapat bahwa sama karakter tidak cocok menikah karena seperti magnet kalau sama kutub akan tolak menolak. Sehingga si Sanguin lebih baik menikah dengan si Melankolik karena akan saling mengisi daripada menikah dengan sesama sanguin, dst., dst. Tak heran karakter ini akhirnya menjadi salah satu alasan memutuskan hubungan. Namun, jika karakter ini penting, maka tentunya Tuhan akan berkata, "Mari Kita menciptakan si Kolerik Hawa untuk si Sanguin Adam." Tapi bukan ini yang dicatat oleh Alkitab.

    Selain kedewasaan dan karakter, sepadan pun sering ditinjau dari berbagai sudut pandang. Bahkan ada yang meninjau dari sudut kemapanan ekonomi di mana paling tidak ada kesetaraan ekonomi antara pria dan wanita yang akan menikah. Tapi apa yang sebenarnya dipikirkan Tuhan ketika berkata, "Tidak baik, kalau manusia itu seorang diri saja. Aku akan menjadikan penolong baginya, yang sepadan dengan dia."

    Kembali kepada prinsip di atas: It is not about us. It is all about God. Mengerti arti sepadan haruslah ditinjau dari sudut pandang Tuhan. Pertanyaan penolong adalah: untuk apa Adam memerlukan seorang penolong? Di sini saya melihat ada keterkaitan antara penciptaan Hawa dengan mandat yang Tuhan berikan kepada manusia untuk beranakcucu dan bertambah banyak; memenuhi bumi dan menaklukkan itu, berkuasa atas ikan-ikan di laut dan burung-burung di udara dan atas segala binatang yang merayap di bumi. Untuk menggenapi tugas ini, Adam membutuhkan seorang penolong yang sepadan dengan dia dan Tuhan memberikannya. Panggilan tugas dari Tuhan inilah yang seharusnya menjadi dasar tinjauan arti penolong yang sepadan itu.

    Karena itu, mempertimbangkan dan memilih seorang pasangan hidup sebenarnya tidak pernah lepas dari panggilan Tuhan dalam hidup kita. Apa yang Tuhan kehendaki bagi kita dan Dia ingin kita menjadi seperti apa nantinya, akan sangat menentukan penolong sepadan bagaimana yang akan diberikan Tuhan kepada kita. Bukan ini saja, panggilan Tuhan ini juga akan menjadi dasar memiliki anak dan membesarkan mereka sesuai dengan panggilan Tuhan itu. Dan bagi saya, panggilan Tuhan kepada setiap anak-Nya unik dan berbeda satu dengan yang lain.

    Pada point ini, kita bisa melihat juga begitu pentingnya standar kedua dari Tuhan. Sepasang suami istri yang seiman akan sama-sama dipimpin oleh Roh Kudus. Sehingga perjalanan mereka akan terus terarah pada penggenapan rencana Tuhan. Jika nanti ada yang tidak mengarah ke sana, berarti perlu dipertanyaan status iman mereka di hadapan Tuhan.

    Jadi, pertanyaan yang paling perlu dijawab sebelum mencari, mempertimbangkan dan memilih pasangan hidup adalah: apa visi hidup kita? Bagaimana kita melihat hidup kita dalam Tuhan pada 10 atau 20 tahun mendatang? Kemana Tuhan akan memimpin kita? Jawaban-jawaban ini akan menolong kita untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikutnya, seperti: mengapa kita ingin menikah? Apa tujuan pernikahan kita? Mengapa kita memilih si A, B atau C dan tidak memilih si D? Mengapa kita memilih seseorang yang cantik atau tampan? Semuanya harus dikembalikan pada apa rencana Tuhan dalam hidup kita.

    Tetapi di sini "terpaksa" perlu dibedakan antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Karena bagaimanapun perempuan dipanggil sebagai penolong maka pergumulan seorang perempuan lebih kepada pasangan hidup bagaimanakah yang akan ditolong oleh dia. Sedangkan seorang laki-laki akan menggumulkan pasangan hidup yang bisa menolong dia mewujudkan panggilan Tuhan dalam hidupnya.

    Sayangnya tidak ada rumus baku untuk mengerti panggilan Tuhan. Bagaimana Tuhan memimpin seseorang tidak mungkin dijadikan dasar bagi yang lain. Karena pimpinan Tuhan unik kepada setiap anak-Nya. Kita diselamatkan bukan hidup seperti biasanya orang di dunia hidup. Dalam Efesus 2:10, Paulus mempertegas hal ini bahwa panggilan Tuhan itu sudah dipersiapkan Allah sebelumnya dan Dia mau kita hidup di dalamnya. Mengerti kehendak dan panggilan Tuhan pun seharusnya bukan sesuatu yang sulit. Masakan Tuhan mempersulit anak2-Nya yang ingin mengetahui kehendak-Nya? Sebenarnya itu tergantung kedekatan kita dengan Tuhan, bagaimana kita memahami prinsip firman Tuhan dan pimpinan Tuhan di masa lalu.

    Tanpa mengerti panggilan Tuhan maka hidup kita akan menjadi bimbang dan tanpa arah. Kita tidak ada dasar dalam menentukan apa yang kita ingini. Kita tidak tahu apa yang telah dan akan kita raih. Nantinya dalam memilih pasangan hidup pun kita akan lebih mengandalkan getaran-getaran yang seringkali disebut 'cinta' dan ketika getaran itu hilang, kita akan berkata kita tidak mencintai lagi. Hidup ini juga tidak bisa dibiarkan mengalir begitu saja. Kemana hidup ini mengalir perlu diketahui supaya jangan sampai saat terakhir baru kita sadari ternyata hidup mengalir ke tempat yang menyedihkan.

    Kalau visi hidup itu sudah ada dan kita serius mau hidup di dalamnya, maka langkah selanjutnya mencari pasangan hidup yang sepadan. Sejalan dengan prinsip ini, maka setiap orang Kristen yang telah ditebus oleh Tuhan dan belum menikah adalah calon potensial pasangan hidup kita. Ini berarti juga tidak ada yang disebut jodoh di mana Tuhan telah menentukan pasangan masing-masing. Lalu, bagaimana memilihnya? Secara ekstrim, pilih siapa saja ok. Tetapi tentunya orang yang dipilih harus sudah dikenal dan paling tidak kita tahu apa visinya sehingga kita juga bisa melihat rumah tangga yang akan dibentuk. Haruslah juga orang-orang yang terlibat dalam pelayanan. Sulit dimengerti jika seseorang mengaku mengerti panggilan Tuhan tapi tidak melayani. Singkatnya tiap parameter kualitas rohani perlu dipertimbangkan. Di sisi lain, setiap orang tebusan Tuhan haruslah juga mengejar kualitas rohani yang diperintahkan oleh Tuhan. Kalau tidak demikian, sia-sialah penebusan Tuhan bagi kita. Atau kita sebenarnya bukan orang tebusan Dia.

    Selanjutnya dalam proses pacaran haruslah banyak diisi dengan sharing, penyamaan dan bagaimana merealisasikan visi. Jika salah satu belumsampai ke level yang sama, maka menjadi tanggung jawab yang lain untuk menolong dan mengarahkan. Begitupun nanti dalam pernikahan. Sampai sini idealnya tidak ada kata putus bagi orang Kristen dalam berpacaran. Karena perbedaan antara yang cocok dan kurang cocok hanya pada usaha dan waktu. Jika kita memilih dan ternyata cocok, maka proses untuk masuk dalam panggilan Tuhan itu akan lebih cepat dan usahanya lebih ringan. Jika yang kurang cocok, maka dibutuhkan waktu lebih panjang, usaha lebih keras dan mungkin lebih banyak air mata. Tapi akhirnya sama, masuk dalam panggilan Tuhan.

    Kembali lagi kita melihat pentingnya pasangan yang seiman. Kita yang di dalam Tuhan, tentunya mau dibentuk oleh Tuhan. Dengan kata lain, mau berubah dan bertumbuh. Jika ada yang tidak mau berubah dan bertumbuh, maka perlu dipertanyakan lagi status iman mereka di hadapan Tuhan. Dalam Roma 8:29 dengan jelas Paulus menulis bahwa setiap anak Tuhan haruslah mempunyai tujuan menjadi serupa dengan Kristus. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini perlu perubahan dan pertumbuhan.

    Bagi mereka yang telah menikah tapi belum menggumuli panggilan hidupnya, inilah saatnya untuk bertanya kembali apa maunya Tuhan dalam kehidupanmu. Bagi mereka yang telah menikah dengan pasangan yang tidak seiman, kita perlu sekali menanyakan status iman mereka. Apakah mereka sungguh orang tebusan Tuhan yang mengasihi Dia dengan sepenuh hati? Jika tidak, maka yang perlu menjadi kepedulian adalah keselamatan dia di dalam Tuhan. Jika ya, maka perlu diingatkan bahwa mungkin panggilan dia seumur hidup adalah memenangkan pasangannya. Sehingga apapun yang dia lakukan adalah demi hal ini. Panggilan lain hanya bisa direalisasikan ketika pasangannya sudah dimenangkan.

    Lalu, di manakah 'cinta' [1]? Apakah nanti tidak lagi getaran-getaran 'cinta' ketika kita menerapkan prinsip ini? Semuanya tetap ada. Yang berbeda di sini adalah orientasi dalam memilih pasangan hidup. Kalau biasanya pasangan hidup yang diidam-2kan menurut standar dunia yang cantik/ganteng, seksi, mapan, muda, dsb., sekarang yang kita cari adalah yang sesuai dengan panggilan hidup kita. Perasaan yang kita rasakan pun akan sama ketika kita menemukan orang yang sepadan ini dengan perasaan saat kita masih mengidamkan pasangan sesuai tawaran dunia. Tapi panggilan hidup itu haruslah di atas getaran-getaran cinta. Aku percaya Tuhan pun akan bekerja di dalam natur manusia kita.

    Sebagai penutup, aku percaya sekali jika kita telah menangkap panggilan Tuhan itu dan telah melihat bagaimana pasangan yang sepadan untuk kita, maka tidak ada alasan bagi Tuhan untuk menunda mengirim orang yang kita dambakan ini. Namun bukan berarti kita menjadi pasif. Kita perlu taat pada perintah Tuhan, meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan rohani serta memperluas persahabatan dengan orang Kristen lain khususnya dalam pelayanan. Menulis tentang pasangan hidup mungkin tak ada habisnya. Tapi kiranya tulisan ini menolong memberikan paradigma baru dalam memilih pasangan hidup kita.

    [1] Cinta di sini ditulis dalam tanda petik karena sebenarnya tidak ada yang disebut cinta. Cinta itu lebih merupakan tindakan daripada sesuatu.

    Wednesday, June 30, 2010

    loving

    Love is patient, love is kind.
    It does not envy, it does not boast,
    it is not proud, it is not rude,
    it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered,
    it keeps no record of wrongs.

    Love does not delight in evil
    but rejoices with the truth.
    It always protects, always trusts,
    always hopes, always perseveres.
    -- 1 Corinthians 13:4-7

    and loving means giving..
    what could I give as I only have You, O Lord..

    Tuesday, June 29, 2010

    master passions of your soul

    "With an enthusiastic love for Jesus difficulties are surmounted, sacrifices become pleasures, sufferings are honours. But if religion is thus a consuming passion in the heart, then it follows that there are many persons who profess religion but have it not; for what they have will not bear this test.

    Examine yourself on this point.
    Aaron’s rod (Exodus 7:12) proved its heaven-given power.
    Is your religion doing so?
    If Christ be anything he must be everything.
    O rest not till love and faith in Jesus be the master passions of your soul!"

    from CH Spurgeon's Morning & Evening
    28 June, evening

    Saturday, June 26, 2010

    deceptive self

    Self-deception enables those who are nothing to think they are something.
    -- Galatians 6:3

    First, I have lots and lots of belief.

    Second, I believe that some of my beliefs are false.

    We have been wrong many times. Moreover, there are many beliefs we haven’t so much considered them for ages. So there are false beliefs swimming around in our consciousness somewhere or the other.

    Third, It’s fairly likely that I don’t believe all of the things I think I believe. Thus, how do I know that I really believe in the things I think I believe?

    This is the question that gives rise to the problem of self-deception. In order to know ourselves, we need to examine our acts. With very few exceptions, no one has any trouble acting out their beliefs. You do act in accordance with your beliefs. More likely, you just don’t believe what you’ve thought of yourself as believing.

    Rather than trying to work up behavior consistent with what we think we believe, we should be begging with the man who wanted desperately for Jesus to free his son from the demon that possessed him. “I believe; help my unbelief” (Mark 9:24)

    Thus what is self-deception?

    Whenever there's a pressure associated with believing something, there's a possibility of self-deception. A mother can’t live with the belief that her child is on drugs. A husband can’t live with the belief that his wife is cheating. Nearer to our situation as Christians, another example could be a convert who can’t live with the belief that he’s going to hell for lack of belief.

    I am counted as a deceiver if I act for the sake of causing other people to believe something, or to continue to believe something, without regard for the truth. I’m trying to manage others beliefs, but I’m not trying to move others along toward the true belief.
    “To be self-deceived is to avoid using rational standards for evidence whenever it suits our purposes.” -- Jean-Paul Sartre

    What leads us into self-deception?
    Attention management, procrastination, perspective switching, rationalization and ressentiment

    How can we break ourselves from self-deception?
    I just want to stimulate our thinking, that perhaps we are now in this state of self-deception. The best way to solve this problem, and of course all other problems which we face as human is to return back to our Creator, to return back to our "manual" which is His Words. Anyway what's written here is just a summary of a summary made by a friend of mine. To get a bigger picture, you could read the book, or the summary linked below :)

    from I Told Me So

    Thursday, June 24, 2010

    viva deutschland

    way to go Germany, your next match will be against England this Sunday, send them back home!



    Wednesday, June 23, 2010

    mere christianity

    Oh well I have been indulging myself with books lately, there just too many books which I haven't finished reading. Actually "Mere Christianity" was one of the first Christian books that I read. I wanted to recommend this book to a friend, but before recommending it, I need to know what does this book talk about and whether it's relevant to their struggles and could help them to grow. Actually I couldn't really remember what did CS Lewis say here, that's why I re-read it again, and it was refreshing :)



    CS Lewis starts this book by giving the a clear idea why there exist a "universally accepted golden standard" in the human life. He believes that human being must behave in a certain way but in reality we tend not to behave that way! He called this "Law of Nature" and it's not instinct at all. It's also not a social convention, and it's not a human invention. Therefore, it's something that we do not invent ourselves and we know that we ought to obey it. And where does this Law come from? Who is the source of this absolute goodness that become the standard of our life?
    Christianity does not make sense until you have realized that thee is a real Moral Law, and a Power behind the law, and that you have broken the Law and put yourself wrong with That Power!

    What do Christians believe in?


    I believe that there's a piece of truth in other believes and religion. There exists two views on God. One is called Pantheism which believes that God is beyond good or evil, and the universe itself is God. Thus pantheists do not believe in a personal, anthropomorphic or creator god. The other view is Christian view which believes that God created the universe, He is personal, and He can't be the universe itself!

    CS Lewis was an atheist before. His argument against God was that the universe seemed so cruel and unjust. But how did he get this idea of "just" and "unjust"? A man does not call a line crooked unless he has some idea of a straight line. Therefore there must be some source of Power beyond us that put in us this idea of "justice."

    Consequently atheism turns out to be too simple. If the whole universe has no meaning, we should never have found out that it has no meaning: just as, if there were no light in the universe and therefore no creatures with eyes, we should never know it was dark. Dark would be without meaning.

    It's also of no good of asking for a simple religion. Real things are not simple! Besides being complicated, reality is usually odd. Reality is usually also something that you could not guessed.

    Now let's turn to the idea of good and evil. The problem of evil has been puzzling human mind for long. Mani (c. AD 216–276) tried to explain this problem of evil with his view of dualism. He believed that there are two equal and independent power of good and evil, and these two powers are at constant war with each other. St Augustine of Hippo (AD 354–430) was once the follower of Manichaeism and he believed that is the solution to his question, "Where does the evil come from?"

    However after some time he abandoned this believe and come with a different view to solve this problem of evil. He believed that evil is not an entity, it's not exist in the first place. Evil is a parasite, not an original thing. Evil is the absence of goodness. Augustine no longer asked, "Where does the evil come from," but rather he now ask, "Where is the source of this light, where does goodness come from?"

    Yes, the universe is at war, but it's not between the power of good and evil! Rather, it's a civil war, it's a rebellion! Satan rebels against God, we human rebel against God.

    But we could then asked, evil has made himself the Prince of the World, but why God let it that way? Does it mean that God is not in control of what happening in the world? Well, it's because God created things which had free will. Why is that so?

    Because free will though it makes evil possible, is also the only thing that makes possible any love or goodness or joy worth having. A world of automata—of creatures that worked like machines—would hardly be worth creating. The happiness which God designs for His higher creatures is the happiness of being freely, voluntarily united to Him and to each other in an ecstasy of love and delight compared with which the most rapturous love between a man and a woman on this earth is mere milk and water. And for that they must be free.

    What did God do next? He gave us conscience, so that we can tell which one is right and which one is wrong. He sent the human race what CS Lewis called "good dreams": those queer stories scattered all through the heathen religions about a god who dies and comes to life again and, by his death, has somehow given new life to men. He then selected Israel as His chosen people and spent time with them hammering into their heads what sort of God He is.

    Lastly, He sent His only begotten Son Jesus Christ as a perfect penitent for us, through the line of the Israelite. He is a man, therefore He could surrender His will, suffer and be hummiliated, and die. He could do it perfectly because is God Himself.

    The perfect suffering, the perfect death, the perfect submission, were not only easier to Jesus because He is God, but were only possible because He is God!

    If we would like to put everything in the timeline, it would look something like this: in the beginning there was God and He created the universe and everything in it → the great rebellion → the fall of Adam and Eve → Jesus Christ, our perfect penitent → our sanctification, a Christ-life in us → consummation of all things in Christ.


    How should we live as a Christian?

    Why do we do good? It's not to please God, it's not merely for approval. It's because Christ in us. It's not that God will love us because we are good, but God will make us good because He loves us. By saying "Christ in us" we do not simply saying that we are thinking about Christ or merely copying Him, but Christ is actually operating through us. We are His tools.

    There are three important parts of morality: First, relations between man and man, fair play and harmony between individuals. Second, our own individual purity, the need of tidying up or harmonising the things inside each individual. Third, relations between man and God, the general purpose of human life as a whole.

    There are also seven virtues. The first four are called "cardinal virtues": prudence, temperance, justice, and fortitude. The other three are called "theological or Christian virtues": charity, hope, and faith.

    I would like to highlight the part of Faith. In this book, CS Lewis described faith in two senses or on two levels. In the first sense it means simply Belief, accepting or regarding as true the doctrines of Christianity.

    In this sense, faith is the art of holding on to things your reason has once accepted, in spite of your changing moods. For moods will change, whatever view your reason takes. I know that by experience. Now that I am a Christian I do have moods in which the whole thing looks very improbable: but when I was an atheist I had moods in which Christianity looked terribly probable.

    That's why faith is such a necessary virtue; unless you teach your moods 'where they get off,' you can never be a sound Christian or even a sound atheist, but just creature dithering to and fro. Therefore we need to recognize the fact that our moods change. The next is to make sure that, if you have once accepted Christianity, then some of its main doctrines shall be deliberately held before your mind for some time every day. That is why daily prayers and religious reading and church going are necessary parts of the Christian life.

    Next is Faith in the second sense, or higher sense. The question of Faith in this sense arises only if a man has tried his level best to practice the Christian virtues, and found that he fails, and seen that even if he could he would only be giving back to God what was already God's own. Thus he discovers his bankruptcy!

    When we found out ourselves failing to keep God's law except by trying our hardest, and then failing again, we will come up into a vital moment at which we turn to God and say, "You must do this. I can't." I would like to close this with a passage from Philippians 2:12-13:

    Therefore, my dear friends, as you have always obeyed—not only in my presence, but now much more in my absence—continue to work out your salvation with fear and trembling, for it is God who works in you to will and to act according to his good purpose.

    Our progress in sanctification is thus both work of God, and also our own work. Yes, we must work our best to keep all His commandments and virtues. It's also the work of God in us, He works to shape us into Christlikeness. As the Westminster Shorter Catechism put it, it's like "a man who has a terrible disease, and is given one of the new wonder drugs, he will suddenly be delivered from the power of that disease. But he will still have a long way to go before he's completely strong and well." And yes this is Faith the second sense, we work out our morality and we belief that God is also at work in us.

    Soli Deo Gloria

    platonic

    I have been reading "Sophie's World" recently and it give me insights to the greatest philosophical ideas in the human histories. Well I have been into philosophy lately. Perhaps after "Sophie's World," I will try to read Bertrand Russell's "A History of Western Philosophy" which is more "academical"

    I came across Plato's idea of human body, the tripartite view of human body. Here's the excerpt from Sophie's World:

    According to Plato, the human body is composed of three parts: the head, the chest, and the abdomen. For each of these three parts there is a corresponding faculty of the soul. Reason belongs to the head, will belongs to the chest, and appetite belongs to the abdomen. Each of these soul faculties also has an ideal, or "virtue." Reason aspires to wisdom, Will aspires to courage, and Appetite must be curbed so that temperance can be exercised. Only when the three parts of the body function together as a unity do we get a harmonious or "virtuous" individual. At school, a child must first learn to curb its appetites, then it must develop courage, and finally reason leads to wisdom.

    Therefore Plato saw the link between each faculties in the body, to the soul, to virtue, and furthermore he linked them to the idea of ideal state or nation as well. It's further illustrated by the following table:

    BODYSOULVIRTUESTATE
    headreasonwisdomrulers
    chestwillcourageauxiliaries
    abdomenappetitetemperancelaborers

    In this Platonic view, one's reason controls one's will, and one's will controls one's appetite or passions. Plato put reason or human ratio at the topmost of this tripartite view, however he did not answer the question on who should control this reason.

    However Christianity offers a radically different view: Holy Spirit which is in us controls every aspect of our life: reason, will, and passions. Therefore it's very true that self control is one of the fruit of the Spirit.

    And perhaps one will ask, how could reason controls one's will or one's feeling or emotion?

    There was a famous Chinese general Han Xin, that served under Liu Bang. Once when he was young, a delinquent saw him with his sword and challenged him to use it to fight with him and decapitate him, or crawl between his legs. Han Xin knew that the delinquent was stronger than him, thus he chose to face public humiliation and crawl under his legs.

    As we can see from Han Xin, he is a kind of man who never have reacted on just a brave impulse or emotion for the sake of a brief moment of satisfaction. His action was controlled by reason although in the end he suffered from humiliation.

    Another short reflection from Seminar on 28-29 May 2010.

    Tuesday, June 1, 2010

    what is wisdom?

    "By three methods we may learn wisdom: first, by reflection, which is noblest; second, by imitation, which is easiest; and third by experience, which is the bitterest."
    -- Confucius

    Once, Fan Chi, one of Confucius' students, asked his master, "what is benevolence?" His teacher answered in just two words, "loving people."

    Fan Chi then asked again, "and what is this thing called wisdom?" His teacher simply answered, again, in just two words, "knowing people."

    Confucius placed wisdom in relation with other people, to understand others, it's wisdom. What does the Bible say about wisdom?

    "Do not be wise in your own eyes; fear the LORD and shun evil"
    -- Proverbs 3: 7, NIV

    "A wise man fears the LORD and shuns evil, but a fool is hotheaded and reckless"
    -- Proverbs, 14: 16, NIV

    Wisdom is relational. However, knowing other people does not suffice. Wisdom is first shown by the fear of the LORD. Thus, it's knowing God. Secondly, wisdom is shown by our attitude to shun evil. Thus, it's repentance.

    "Who is wise and understanding among you? Let him show it by his good life, by deeds done in the humility that comes from wisdom."
    -- James 3: 13, NIV

    Lastly, wisdom is shown through good life, good behavior. It requires our understanding of self-holiness, it requires our understanding of ourselves.


    A short reflection from Seminar on 28-29 May 2010.

    Monday, April 12, 2010

    you know you are helpless when ...

    Last Friday was Good Friday...
    Last Sunday was Passover...
    and perhaps the time when I felt helpless and have this I-can't-do-anything-kind-of-attitude
    I thought have been trying my best, but have I given my best?

    God, please grant me wisdom, and fortitude..
    Lead me unto Thy way..

    Friday, March 19, 2010

    test drive

    I spent a few days doing a "test drive" on my new camera and trying out all of its features. Next in my list: finding a good time for a photo hunting with good companions ;)

    My old Canonet G-III QL17. My mom bought this in 1970s and it's still working greatly now!

    zooming effect

    And introducing my lunch buddies, with their "trademark" pose :P. A side note, whenever the five of us go for a lunch together, we always have a great time and laughter due to the "comic relief" effect some of us brought.

    AYSP: gak tahan

    AP: monyong kagak jelas

    VZ: no comment

    HR: gigi kinclong

    exhausted

    Exhausted, yes, I think that's the word that best described myself in the past few days.. I'm exhausted with all the commitments I took, everything seems to be piling up higher and higher and I couldn't even see an end to all of those. Once I wished that I could have all the time in the world, time to relax, read a book, play guitar, sing, and perhaps have an outing somewhere to a nice place, do things that I like to do.

    Even, I am exhausted with all the ministries which I took. Sad, isn't it? You are doing something for God, yet you're exhausted. A paradox? What a terrible state I am right now. Human, fragile.. Human, helpless.. Human, nothing..

    What went wrong? A friend of mine told me, perhaps it's because you rely too much on yourself. "Do not rely too much on self, but rely on God" something that we as a Christian perhaps hear again and again and again...

    I once told a friend of mine, "Pray, in everything, in every struggle that you are facing, pray, in every thing that you do, pray, and bring yourself nearer to God. Pray, so that God leads your way. Pray, so that God shows you what you should do. Pray, and pray..."

    I tried to remember, have I prayed about all the ministries which I took, in the church, in the university's fellowship? No.. not really.. Yes, I actually never bring all of these commitments to God, and let everything done with my own prowness, a futile attempt, sadly... I didn't really rely on God in the first place. So, please help me God.

    Saturday, March 13, 2010

    economics vs. finance: a layman perspective

    Some of my friends perhaps have already heard about this "perspective" from me. Okay, so here we go. What do you think are the differences between economics and finance?
    1. Who cause the latest slump? Irresponsible derivatives invented by financial engineers. Now, after the slump, who fixed everything? Economists.
    2. Economists work for the well being of the people, in a country, or in the world. Finance analysts, financial engineers, or whatever professions related to finance, they work for the well being of only some people or some parties at best.
    3. Finance: piling up wealth for some people while reducing other's wealth thereby increasing poverty and the gap between the rich and the poor.
    Okay, what I wrote here is merely my own subjective opinion based on the facts that I have observed in the past few years, and of course people can argue that finance is not so much about increasing wealth on some people or some parties. Yes, there are personal finance, corporate finance, public finance etc etc. Furthermore, they are trying right now not only to transfer wealth, but how they can generate wealth.

    These are further facts, but what I want to say here is BE RESPONSIBLE! Do not just create stupid derivatives in which yes, you can gather more and more money from that, but the consequences shouldn't be overlooked. Executive bonuses, do they really deserve those bonuses? I don't think so ... Those bonuses are too excessive!

    Be responsible, and life is not so much only and only about wealth and money. There's something money can't buy! Or if you still think money can buy everything, re-think!

    Friday, March 12, 2010

    a prayer

    Lord, make me an instrument of thy peace.
    Where there is hatred, let me sow love;
    Where there is injury, pardon;
    Where there is doubt, faith;
    Where there is despair, hope;
    Where there is darkness, light;
    Where there is sadness, joy;

    O, Divine Master,
    grant that I may not so much seek
    to be consoled as to console;
    To be understood as to understand;
    To be loved as to love.

    For it is in giving that we receive.
    It is in pardoning that we are pardoned.
    It is in dying that we are born again,
    to eternal life.

    Tuesday, March 9, 2010

    remain in me, and I will remain in you

    "Remain in me, and I will remain in you," this is the sure promise of Jesus to us. This short passage was the one I read this morning during my quite time. It is taken from John 15: 4. It's true that the communion with Him is the cure of every ill, as how Spurgeon described it. Something which actually I couldn't understand before.

    In every difficulties, in many tribulations in our life, where do you find your comfort? Where do we run to when we are faced with so much troubles in our life? Where to? Sometimes, perhaps, we found comforts by just talking with friends. Sometimes, perhaps, we found pleasures through playing games in which we can flood off our stress and emotions (such as those kind of "mass-killing"-games which I played: Grand Theft Auto :P). Sometimes, perhaps, we found peace by just sleeping or eating as much as we can. But they are all temporary, aren't they?

    Jesus, is our surest source of comfort, and of hope, and of peace. In our distress, remain in Him, through prayers. Call Him, be honest in prayer, cast your burden upon Him, and He will grant you peace. From time to time, I have learnt that prayers is indeed powerful, something which perhaps I could hardly explain in words. When there's no one beside us, when sometimes we couldn't talk with friends or perhaps when we grew tired of them, God is there at your side, and His ear is always wide open..

    There was a time when I found myself helpless, unable to help those people near to me. But one thing that I remember for sure, during this kind of time, that God is the only one who could help them. Prayer, yes, that's the key, for us to remain in Him.

    Monday, March 8, 2010

    my must-see-places

    Here are some places which I really really want to see!
    Planning to go to Europe in 2011 to see Greece and Turkey, thus they are on the top two of this list.

    Greece (1)
    When I planned to go to Germany for an exchange programme in 2008, I only had some places in my mind which I'm keen on visiting: Greece and Italy. Greece was on the list! I had even finished creating my travel itinerary for Greece. But sadly, I couldn't manage to get there, and I went to so many other places instead. That travel itinerary was left unfulfilled. That's why I'm so determined to go to Europe again to see Greece! My first initial plan was to go to Greece from Italy, ie. taking a ferry from Bari to Patras. From Patras, the overland journey will go to Olympia, Mystras, Sparta, Argos, Nafplio, Mykines, and Korinthos. From Korinthos, Athens is easily reachable. Here, the centuries old Parthenon is within reach. Athens' port of Piraeus is the hub of all ferries connecting the mainland Greece with islands scattered in Aegean Sea. One of the most interesting island is Santorini (Thira), which is believed to be the source of the legend of the lost city of Atlantis. Santorini is a remnant of a volcanic cone, and it has a very beautiful sunset!

    Athens

    Santorini (Thira)

    Turkey (2)
    Turkey, another country with long history and rich in culture. Turkey is easily reachable from Greece, as there is a direct overnight train from Thessaloniki to Istanbul (Filia Express). Some places that I want to see there: Istanbul, Cappadocia, and Pamukkale. Istanbul was Constantinople, it was the capital of the once mighty Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire). Ottomans conquered the city in 1453 which symbolically marked the end of the dominance of Greco-Roman culture in the world. Architecturally speaking, Istanbul is stunning: a melting pot of Greek, Byzantine, Muslim and Ottoman architectures. Cappadocia has a natural wonder of its own. It's most famous for the "fairy-chimneys" and taking a trip on a hot-air balloon over the region is breathtaking! Pamukkale, or "cotton castle", contains hot springs and travertines, terraces of carbonate minerals left by the flowing water. Can't wait to see all of these ;)

    Istanbul

    Cappadocia

    Pamukkale

    Peru (3)

    Macchu Picchu

    Egypt (4)

    Great Pyramid of Giza

    Israel
    (5)

    Jerusalem

    Jordan
    (6)

    Petra

    Indonesia (7)
    Last but not least, presenting what is so amazing about Indonesia!